Height

40-60cm 60-90cm

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• Hardiness: Fully hardy throughout the UK, tolerant to -20°C or lower; native species, particularly suited to cooler, wetter, and northern regions.
• Site: Full sun to partial shade for best white bark display and yellow autumn colour; tolerates exposed, windy, upland, or boggy positions; graceful, fast-growing tree needing space (matures 15–20m tall, often narrower crown than silver birch).
• Soil: Prefers moist, well-drained to wet, poor or acidic soils; highly tolerant of heavy clay, peat, sand, or very poor conditions; avoid dry, chalky, or highly alkaline sites.
• Planting time: Bare-root November to March (dormant season); container-grown ideally autumn or spring.
• Planting method: Dig a wide hole (twice root spread width); add organic matter only if soil is extremely poor; plant at the same depth as was growing in the nursery (soil mark on stem, avoid deep planting); stake young trees if necessary; mulch base and water thoroughly.
• Watering: Water regularly during the first 1–2 years to maintain moist soil, especially in dry periods; once established, highly tolerant of wet conditions and moderate drought.
• Maintenance: Low; minimal pruning (remove unwanted or damaged branches in late summer/autumn to avoid sap bleed); no regular feeding needed; ideal for natural, wildlife-friendly, or wet gardens.