Height60-100cm

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Native UK tree (mainly northern England/Scotland) valued for its handsome glossy dark-green bay-like leaves (aromatic when crushed), attractive yellow male catkins in early summer, wildlife value (nectar/pollen for bees, food for moths), tolerance of wet soils, and ornamental appeal in damp gardens, wildlife areas, coastal sites or informal settings. Fast-growing and hardy.

Key planting points

• Size: Deciduous bushy tree or large shrub, typically 8–12 m tall (occasionally taller), spread wider than 8 m; reaches maturity in 5–10 years.
• Best time: Autumn to early spring (October–March ideal, while dormant); avoid frozen ground.
• Position: Full sun; exposed or sheltered; coastal-tolerant. Allow space for mature size and keep well clear of buildings, foundations and drains (vigorous roots).
• Soil: Moist but well-drained; prefers clay, loam or sand; acid to neutral pH. Avoid strongly alkaline/chalky soils. Tolerates wet/boggy ground and intermittent flooding.
• How to plant: Dig in organic matter (compost/manure) to aid moisture retention. Plant at the same depth as in the nursery. Stake trees over ~90 cm for the first few years. Protect young plants from rabbits/deer if needed.
• Aftercare: Water regularly in the first 2–3 summers during dry spells. Weed around the base. Once established, low-maintenance; minimal pruning – late winter/early spring if required.
• Fully hardy..

Ideal for damp sites, wildlife gardens, cottage/informal borders or as an ornamental specimen.